Sabtu, 18 April 2009
Rabu, 25 Februari 2009
Senin, 16 Februari 2009
Minggu, 15 Februari 2009
Senin, 09 Februari 2009
ENGINE
POWERPLANT
Yang dimaksud dengan powerplant atau engine adalah tenaga penggerak pesawat dan atau penyuplai system kelistrikan, dan derbagai perlengkapan pendukung yang ada di pesawat misalnya airconditioning system (AC), heating system, dll.
Untuk menjalankan fungsi tersebut, engine pesawat perasi pada temperature, power, pressure (tekanan), dan speed yang ekstrem. Untuk itu engine harus handal dan aman dioperasikan dalam kondisi-kondisi tersebut.
· Lightweight, kenapa harus ringan?? Karena berat engine akan menambah berat kosong pesawat (empty weight) yang artinya akan mengurangi payload pesawat.
· Small and easily streamlined, yang berarti bahwa enharus memenuhi kriteria : · Reliable (handal), karena engine pesawat harus bisa berogine yang dibutuhkan adalah engine yang kecil namun memiliki power yang besar dan juga bentuk yang streamline.
Kenapa demikian??
Karena semakin besar permukaan engine maka juga akan menghasilkan drag yang besar, mengurangi power yang dihasilkan dan tentunya berdampak pada pemborosan fuel. Maka dari itu engine dipasangi cowling da nacelle sebagai cover engine yang mengurangi drag.
· Repairable, dalam hal ini engine harus dapat diperbaiki/mudah diperbaiki.
· Fuel efficient, efisiensi tentunya hal yang cukup penting dimana pesawat harus mampu menempuh jarak (range) yang sejauh mungkin dengan fuel consumtion yang rendah.
· Mampu untuk dioperasikan pada ketinggian terbang pesawat.
Engine pesawat umumnya di bagi ke dalam 2 kategori, yaitu :
1.Piston engine, pada umumnya piston engine selalu menggunakan propeller.
2. Turbo engine, terdiri dari : air intake, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine dan exhaust nozzle.
Adapun turbojet engine di bedakan menjadi :
· Turbofan, digunakan umumnya pada pesawat transport sipil atau pesawat subsonic.
· Turboprop, seperti halnya piston engine, turboprop menggunakan setingan propeller.
· Turboshaft, digunakan pada helikopter.
· Turbojet, engine ini digunakan untuk pesawat supersonic pada pesawat tempur militer.
Yang dimaksud dengan powerplant atau engine adalah tenaga penggerak pesawat dan atau penyuplai system kelistrikan, dan derbagai perlengkapan pendukung yang ada di pesawat misalnya airconditioning system (AC), heating system, dll.
Untuk menjalankan fungsi tersebut, engine pesawat perasi pada temperature, power, pressure (tekanan), dan speed yang ekstrem. Untuk itu engine harus handal dan aman dioperasikan dalam kondisi-kondisi tersebut.
· Lightweight, kenapa harus ringan?? Karena berat engine akan menambah berat kosong pesawat (empty weight) yang artinya akan mengurangi payload pesawat.
· Small and easily streamlined, yang berarti bahwa enharus memenuhi kriteria : · Reliable (handal), karena engine pesawat harus bisa berogine yang dibutuhkan adalah engine yang kecil namun memiliki power yang besar dan juga bentuk yang streamline.
Kenapa demikian??
Karena semakin besar permukaan engine maka juga akan menghasilkan drag yang besar, mengurangi power yang dihasilkan dan tentunya berdampak pada pemborosan fuel. Maka dari itu engine dipasangi cowling da nacelle sebagai cover engine yang mengurangi drag.
· Repairable, dalam hal ini engine harus dapat diperbaiki/mudah diperbaiki.
· Fuel efficient, efisiensi tentunya hal yang cukup penting dimana pesawat harus mampu menempuh jarak (range) yang sejauh mungkin dengan fuel consumtion yang rendah.
· Mampu untuk dioperasikan pada ketinggian terbang pesawat.
Engine pesawat umumnya di bagi ke dalam 2 kategori, yaitu :
1.Piston engine, pada umumnya piston engine selalu menggunakan propeller.
2. Turbo engine, terdiri dari : air intake, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine dan exhaust nozzle.
Adapun turbojet engine di bedakan menjadi :
· Turbofan, digunakan umumnya pada pesawat transport sipil atau pesawat subsonic.
· Turboprop, seperti halnya piston engine, turboprop menggunakan setingan propeller.
· Turboshaft, digunakan pada helikopter.
· Turbojet, engine ini digunakan untuk pesawat supersonic pada pesawat tempur militer.
Senin, 02 Februari 2009
ATA CHAPTER
Chapter 21
21-00-00 AIR CONDITIONING
21-10-00 Compression
21-20-00 Distribution
21-30-00 Pressurization control
21-40-00 Heating
21-50-00 Cooling
21-60-00 Temperature control
21-70-00 Moisturization/air contamination
Chapter 22
22-00-00 AUTOFLIGHT
22-10-00 Autopilot
22-20-00 Speed-attitude correction
22-30-00 Autothrottle
22-40-00 System monitor
22-50-00 Aerodynamic load alleviating
Chapter 23
23-00-00 COMMUNICATIONS
23-10-00 Speech communication
23-20-00 Data transmission, auto calling
23-30-00 Passenger address and ent.
23-40-00 Interphone
23-50-00 Audio integrating
23-60-00 Static discharging
23-70-00 Audio & video monitoring
23-80-00 Integrated automatic tuning
Chapter 24
24-00-00 ELECTRICAL POWER
24-10-00 Generator drive
24-20-00 AC generation
24-30-00 DC generation
24-40-00 external power
24-50-00 AC electrical load dist.
24-60-00 DC electrical load dist.
Chapter 25
25-00-00 EQUIPMENT & FURNISHING
25-10-00 Flight compartment
25-20-00 Passenger compartment
25-30-00 Buffet/galley
25-40-00 Lavatories
25-50-00 Cargo compartments
25-60-00 Emergency
25-70-00 Accessory compartments
25-80-00 Instulation
Chapter 26
26-00-00 FIRE PROTECTION
26-10-00 Detection
26-20-00 Extinguishing
26-30-00 Explosion suppression
Chapter 27
27-00-00 FLIGHT CONTROLS
27-10-00 Aileron & tab.
27-20-00 Rudder & tab.
27-30-00 Elevator & tab.
27-40-00 Horizontal stabilizer
27-50-00 Flaps
27-60-00 Spoiler, drag devices, fairings
27-70-00 Gust lock & damper
27-80-00 Lift augmenting
Chapter 28
28-00-00 FUEL
28-10-00 Storage
28-20-00 Distribution
28-30-00 Dump
28-40-00 Indicating
Chapter 29
29-00-00 HYDRAULIC POWER
29-10-00 Main
29-20-00 Auxiliary
29-30-00 Indicating
Chapter 30
30-00-00 ICE & RAIN PROTECTION
30-10-00 Airfoil
30-20-00 Air intakes
30-30-00 Pitot and static
30-40-00 Windows, windshields & doors
30-50-00 Antennas & radomes
30-60-00 Propellers & rotors
30-70-00 Water lines
30-80-00 Detection
Chapter 31
31-00-00 INDICATING & RECORDING SYS.
31-10-00 Instrument & control panel
31-20-00 Independent instrument
31-30-00 Recorders
31-40-00 Central computers
31-50-00 Central warning sys.
31-60-00 Central display sys.
31-70-00 Automatic data reporting sys.
Chapter 32
32-00-00 LANDING GEAR
32-10-00 Main gear & doors
32-20-00 Nose gear & doors
32-30-00 Extension & retraction
32-40-00 wheels & brakes
32-50-00 Steering
32-60-00 Position and warning
32-70-00 Supplementary gear
Chapter 33
33-00-00 LIGHTS
33-10-00 General compartment
33-20-00 Passenger compartments
33-30-00 Cargo and service compartments
33-40-00 Exterior
33-50-00 Emergency lighting
Chapter 34
34-00-00 NAVIGATION
34-10-00 Flight environment data
34-20-00 Attitude & direction
34-30-00 Landing & taxiing aids
34-40-00 Independent position determining
34-50-00 Dependent position determining
34-60-00 Flight management computing
34-70-00 X-PONDER, MODE S
Chapter 35
35-00-00 OXYGEN
35-10-00 Crew
35-20-00 Passenger
36-30-00 Portable
Chapter 36
36-00-00 PNEUMATIC
Chapter 37
37-00-00 VACUUM
Chapter 38
38-00-00 WATER/WASTE
38-10-00 Portable
38-20-00 Wash
38-30-00 Waste disposal
38-40-00 Air supply
Chapter 41
41-00-00 WATER BALLAST
Chapter 44
44-00-00 CABIN SYSTEM
Chapter 45
45-00-00 CENTER MAINTENANCE SYS. (CMS)
Chapter 46
46-00-00 INFORMATION SYS.
Chapter 49
49-00-00 AIRBONE AUXILIARY POWER
Chapter 50
50-00-00 CARGO AND ACCESSORY COMPARTMENTS€
Chapter 51
51-00-00 STRUCTURE, GENERAL
Chapter 52
52-00-00 DOORS
52-10-00 Passenger/crew
52-20-00 Emergency exit
52-30-00 Cargo
52-40-00 Service
52-50-00 Fixed interior
52-60-00 Entrance stairs
52-70-00 Door warning
52-80-00 Landing gear
Chapter 53
53-00-00 Fuselage
Chapter 54
54-00-00 NACELLES/PYLONS
54-10-00 Nacelle section
54-50-00 Pylon section
Chapter 55
55-00-00 HORIZ. & VERT. STABILIZERS
55-10-00 Horizontal stabilizer or canard
55-20-00 Elevator
55-30-00 Vertical stabilizer
55-40-00 Rudder
Chapter 56
56-00-00 WINDOWS
56-10-00 Flight compartment
56-20-00 Passenger compartment
56-30-00 Door
56-40-00 Inspection & observation
Chapter 57
57-00-00 WINGS
57-10-00 Center wing
57-20-00 Outer wing
57-30-00 Wing tip
57-40-00 Leading edge and leading edge
57-50-00 Trailing edge and trailing edge
57-60-00 Ailerons and elevons
57-70-00 Spoilers
Chapter 61
61-00-00 PROPELLERS
\ 61-10-00 Propeller assembly
61-20-00 Controlling
61-25-01 GOVERNOR, PROPELLER
61-30-00 Braking
61-40-00 Indicating
61-50-00 Propulsor duct
Chapter 71
71-00-00 POWER PLANT
71-10-00 Cowling
71-20-00 Mounts
71-30-00 Fireseals
71-40-00 Attach fittings
71-50-00 Electrical harness
71-60-00 Air intakes
71-70-00 Engine drains
Chapter 72
72-00-00 ENGINE-TURBINE
Chapter 73
73-00-00 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL
73-10-00 Distribution
73-20-00 Divinder flow
73-25-00 Unit fuel control
73-30-00 Indicating
Chapter 74
74-00-00 IGNITION
74-10-00 Electrical power supply
74-15-01 Box, Ignition exciter
74-20-00 Distribution
Chapter 75
75-00-00 AIR
75-10-00 Engine anti-icing
75-20-00 Cooling
75-30-00 Compressor control
75-35-01 Valve HP & LP Bleed
75-40-00 Indicating
Chapter 76
76-00-00 ENGINE CONTROLS
76-10-00 Power control
76-20-00 Emergency shutdown
Chapter 77
77-00-00 ENGINE INDICATING
77-10-00 Power
77-20-00 Temperature
77-30-00 Analyzers
77-40-00 Integrated engine instrument sys.
Chapter 78
78-00-00 EXHAUST
78-10-00 Collector/nozzle
78-20-00 Noise suppressor
78-30-00 Thrust reverser
78-40-00 Suplementary air
Chapter 79
79-00-00 OIL
79-10-00 Storage
79-20-00 Distribution
79-30-00 Indicating
Chapter 80
80-00-00 STARTING
80-10-00 Cranking
21-00-00 AIR CONDITIONING
21-10-00 Compression
21-20-00 Distribution
21-30-00 Pressurization control
21-40-00 Heating
21-50-00 Cooling
21-60-00 Temperature control
21-70-00 Moisturization/air contamination
Chapter 22
22-00-00 AUTOFLIGHT
22-10-00 Autopilot
22-20-00 Speed-attitude correction
22-30-00 Autothrottle
22-40-00 System monitor
22-50-00 Aerodynamic load alleviating
Chapter 23
23-00-00 COMMUNICATIONS
23-10-00 Speech communication
23-20-00 Data transmission, auto calling
23-30-00 Passenger address and ent.
23-40-00 Interphone
23-50-00 Audio integrating
23-60-00 Static discharging
23-70-00 Audio & video monitoring
23-80-00 Integrated automatic tuning
Chapter 24
24-00-00 ELECTRICAL POWER
24-10-00 Generator drive
24-20-00 AC generation
24-30-00 DC generation
24-40-00 external power
24-50-00 AC electrical load dist.
24-60-00 DC electrical load dist.
Chapter 25
25-00-00 EQUIPMENT & FURNISHING
25-10-00 Flight compartment
25-20-00 Passenger compartment
25-30-00 Buffet/galley
25-40-00 Lavatories
25-50-00 Cargo compartments
25-60-00 Emergency
25-70-00 Accessory compartments
25-80-00 Instulation
Chapter 26
26-00-00 FIRE PROTECTION
26-10-00 Detection
26-20-00 Extinguishing
26-30-00 Explosion suppression
Chapter 27
27-00-00 FLIGHT CONTROLS
27-10-00 Aileron & tab.
27-20-00 Rudder & tab.
27-30-00 Elevator & tab.
27-40-00 Horizontal stabilizer
27-50-00 Flaps
27-60-00 Spoiler, drag devices, fairings
27-70-00 Gust lock & damper
27-80-00 Lift augmenting
Chapter 28
28-00-00 FUEL
28-10-00 Storage
28-20-00 Distribution
28-30-00 Dump
28-40-00 Indicating
Chapter 29
29-00-00 HYDRAULIC POWER
29-10-00 Main
29-20-00 Auxiliary
29-30-00 Indicating
Chapter 30
30-00-00 ICE & RAIN PROTECTION
30-10-00 Airfoil
30-20-00 Air intakes
30-30-00 Pitot and static
30-40-00 Windows, windshields & doors
30-50-00 Antennas & radomes
30-60-00 Propellers & rotors
30-70-00 Water lines
30-80-00 Detection
Chapter 31
31-00-00 INDICATING & RECORDING SYS.
31-10-00 Instrument & control panel
31-20-00 Independent instrument
31-30-00 Recorders
31-40-00 Central computers
31-50-00 Central warning sys.
31-60-00 Central display sys.
31-70-00 Automatic data reporting sys.
Chapter 32
32-00-00 LANDING GEAR
32-10-00 Main gear & doors
32-20-00 Nose gear & doors
32-30-00 Extension & retraction
32-40-00 wheels & brakes
32-50-00 Steering
32-60-00 Position and warning
32-70-00 Supplementary gear
Chapter 33
33-00-00 LIGHTS
33-10-00 General compartment
33-20-00 Passenger compartments
33-30-00 Cargo and service compartments
33-40-00 Exterior
33-50-00 Emergency lighting
Chapter 34
34-00-00 NAVIGATION
34-10-00 Flight environment data
34-20-00 Attitude & direction
34-30-00 Landing & taxiing aids
34-40-00 Independent position determining
34-50-00 Dependent position determining
34-60-00 Flight management computing
34-70-00 X-PONDER, MODE S
Chapter 35
35-00-00 OXYGEN
35-10-00 Crew
35-20-00 Passenger
36-30-00 Portable
Chapter 36
36-00-00 PNEUMATIC
Chapter 37
37-00-00 VACUUM
Chapter 38
38-00-00 WATER/WASTE
38-10-00 Portable
38-20-00 Wash
38-30-00 Waste disposal
38-40-00 Air supply
Chapter 41
41-00-00 WATER BALLAST
Chapter 44
44-00-00 CABIN SYSTEM
Chapter 45
45-00-00 CENTER MAINTENANCE SYS. (CMS)
Chapter 46
46-00-00 INFORMATION SYS.
Chapter 49
49-00-00 AIRBONE AUXILIARY POWER
Chapter 50
50-00-00 CARGO AND ACCESSORY COMPARTMENTS€
Chapter 51
51-00-00 STRUCTURE, GENERAL
Chapter 52
52-00-00 DOORS
52-10-00 Passenger/crew
52-20-00 Emergency exit
52-30-00 Cargo
52-40-00 Service
52-50-00 Fixed interior
52-60-00 Entrance stairs
52-70-00 Door warning
52-80-00 Landing gear
Chapter 53
53-00-00 Fuselage
Chapter 54
54-00-00 NACELLES/PYLONS
54-10-00 Nacelle section
54-50-00 Pylon section
Chapter 55
55-00-00 HORIZ. & VERT. STABILIZERS
55-10-00 Horizontal stabilizer or canard
55-20-00 Elevator
55-30-00 Vertical stabilizer
55-40-00 Rudder
Chapter 56
56-00-00 WINDOWS
56-10-00 Flight compartment
56-20-00 Passenger compartment
56-30-00 Door
56-40-00 Inspection & observation
Chapter 57
57-00-00 WINGS
57-10-00 Center wing
57-20-00 Outer wing
57-30-00 Wing tip
57-40-00 Leading edge and leading edge
57-50-00 Trailing edge and trailing edge
57-60-00 Ailerons and elevons
57-70-00 Spoilers
Chapter 61
61-00-00 PROPELLERS
\ 61-10-00 Propeller assembly
61-20-00 Controlling
61-25-01 GOVERNOR, PROPELLER
61-30-00 Braking
61-40-00 Indicating
61-50-00 Propulsor duct
Chapter 71
71-00-00 POWER PLANT
71-10-00 Cowling
71-20-00 Mounts
71-30-00 Fireseals
71-40-00 Attach fittings
71-50-00 Electrical harness
71-60-00 Air intakes
71-70-00 Engine drains
Chapter 72
72-00-00 ENGINE-TURBINE
Chapter 73
73-00-00 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL
73-10-00 Distribution
73-20-00 Divinder flow
73-25-00 Unit fuel control
73-30-00 Indicating
Chapter 74
74-00-00 IGNITION
74-10-00 Electrical power supply
74-15-01 Box, Ignition exciter
74-20-00 Distribution
Chapter 75
75-00-00 AIR
75-10-00 Engine anti-icing
75-20-00 Cooling
75-30-00 Compressor control
75-35-01 Valve HP & LP Bleed
75-40-00 Indicating
Chapter 76
76-00-00 ENGINE CONTROLS
76-10-00 Power control
76-20-00 Emergency shutdown
Chapter 77
77-00-00 ENGINE INDICATING
77-10-00 Power
77-20-00 Temperature
77-30-00 Analyzers
77-40-00 Integrated engine instrument sys.
Chapter 78
78-00-00 EXHAUST
78-10-00 Collector/nozzle
78-20-00 Noise suppressor
78-30-00 Thrust reverser
78-40-00 Suplementary air
Chapter 79
79-00-00 OIL
79-10-00 Storage
79-20-00 Distribution
79-30-00 Indicating
Chapter 80
80-00-00 STARTING
80-10-00 Cranking
Minggu, 01 Februari 2009
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